dns

桌機、筆電、ap、伺服器的dns原本是設定誰？如果是指到你們學校的dns，你得把他們改成： 163.17.40.1、163.17.40.3、163.28.80.41或中華電信, google的dns 168.95.1.1, 168.95.192.1, 8.8.8.8 2001:288:5400::1, 2001:288:5400::3, 2001:288:5000:1:163:28:80:41

163.17.40.1, 163.17.40.3, 163.28.80.41, 168.95.1.1, 168.95.192.1, 8.8.8.8, 2001:288:5400::1, 2001:288:5400::3, 2001:288:5000:1:163:28:80:41

DNS1="163.17.40.1"
DNS2="163.17.40.3"
DNS3="163.28.80.41"
DNS4="168.95.1.1"
DNS5="168.95.192.1"
DNS6="8.8.8.8"

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-setup-a-static-ip-address-on-debian-linux

How to setup a Static IP address on Debian Linux

Objective

The objective is to configure a static IP address on Debian Linux server. 

Please note that for Desktop installations it is recommended to use GUI tools, such as network-manager. If you wish to configure your network interfaces directly via /etc/network/interfaces file on your Desktop, make sure you disable any other possibly interfering network configuration daemons. For example, the below commands will disable network-manager:

# systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
# systemctl disable NetworkManager.service

Operating System and Software Versions

• Operating System: - Debian 9 (Stretch)

Requirements

Privileged access to your Debian Linux system is required.

Difficulty

EASY

Conventions

• # - requires given linux commands to be executed with root privileges either directly as a root user or by use of sudo command
• $ - requires given linux commands to be executed as a regular non-privileged user

Instructions

Enable Static IP

By default you will find the following configuration within the /etc/network/interfaces network config file:

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Update the iface eth0 inet dhcp to iface eth0 inet static. The resulting content of /etc/network/interfaces network config file should look similar to the one below:

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static

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Configure IP Address

At this stage, we have two choices on how to configure a static IP address for our eth0 network interface. The first option is to add IP address configuration directly into /etc/network/interfaces file. Append the following line to your existing /etc/network/interfaces:

        address 10.1.1.125
        netmask 255.0.0.0
        gateway 10.1.1.1

The resulting content /etc/network/interfaces file should look like the one below. Update your IP address, netmask and gateway as necessary:

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
      address 10.1.1.125
      netmask 255.0.0.0
      gateway 10.1.1.1

The second and recommended option is to define your network interfaces separately within /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory. 

During the networking daemon initiation the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory is searched for network interface configurations. Any found network configuration is included as part of the /etc/network/interfaces. 

Create a new network configuration file with any arbitrary file name eg. eth0 and include the eth0IP address configuration shown below. To do this use your preferred text editor for example vim:

# cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
iface eth0 inet static
      address 10.1.1.125
      netmask 255.0.0.0
      gateway 10.1.1.1

Now, remove the above lines stated from /etc/network/interfaces so you will end up with:

# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0

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Static DNS server

To configure a static DNS edit /etc/resolv.conf file, and include the IP address of your preferred nameserver eg:

nameserver 8.8.8.8

Alternatively, add the following line into your /etc/network/interfaces network config file:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Apply Changes

To apply changes restart your network daemon:

# service networking restart

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